Here’s How Pulse Atomization Spray Driers Work:

    Pulse Drying Systems has developed a proprietary gas-dynamic atomization method that uses a hot, 300 mph gas stream to atomize and dry any liquid feed material. The Main Process Air (shown in blue) is created by a blower and heater, and is the hot air used to both atomize and dry the liquid feed (shown in yellow).

    Transportation Air (indicated by green arrows) is added to the process to reduce the humidity in the drying chamber and allow very low dryer exit temperatures to avoid damaging sensitive products.

    The liquid feed is added co-currently to the top of the drying chamber via an open pipe. Before reaching the atomization zone notated by green arrows, the feed product goes through a proprietary PCS nozzle to create an optimum spray pattern. This all happens at very low pressures (less than 5 psi), and avoids the use of high-pressure pumps and nozzles for atomization. This greatly reduces maintenance costs and also enables the atomization and drying of viscous, high-solids feeds that would quickly clog a conventional spray nozzle.

    The extreme turbulence and high heat transfer rates produced by PCS’s gas-dynamic atomizer creates a dry, cool powder in less than one second, and greatly reduces the degradation of sensitive products. PCS has thus been the first spray drying company to produce freeze-dry quality powders in a spray-dry process.

    Technical atomization diagram from Pulse Combustion Systems illustrating the precision mixing of liquid feed product (yellow), main process air (blue), and transportation air (green) to create a fine spray.

    Pulse Drying Versus Conventional Spray Drying

    The main differences between pulse and conventional spray dryer units are in atomization and heat transfer. Our low pressure atomization method allows us to reduce maintenance cost and enables the atomization and drying of viscous, high-solids feeds that would quickly clog a conventional spray nozzle. Additionally, because the drying process happens so quickly, we can dry heat sensitive products with minimal degradation.

    More detail, below:

    Dryer CharacteristicsPCS Pulse DryerTypical Nozzle-Type Spray DryerTypical Rotary-Disk Spray Dryer
    AtomizationGas Dynamic - No shearHigh Pressure Orifice - High shearModerate shear
    Feed PumpLow Pressure (1 psi)High PressureLow Pressure
    Feed Delivery to DryerOpen PipePrecision OrificeVarious Wheel Types
    Evaporative HeatAt point of atomizationRemote, ducted to drying chamberRemote, ducted to drying chamber
    Mixing of heat & dropletsRapid and CompleteSlowSlow
    Heat transfer rateHighRelatively LowRelatively Low
    Wear parts in DryerFeed Pump, Air Valve MotorFeed pump, nozzlesFeed Pump, Rotary Drive Unit
    Parts that may CorrodeFeed pipePump, feed line, nozzlesPump, feed line, wheel
    Cost to Replace Worn PartsVery LowHigh*High*
    Time to Replace Worn PartsHoursDays**Days**
    *Cost varies with product
    **Usually require spare pumps or spare atomizer assembly

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